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"Mayday" is an emergency distress call used internationally in aviation and maritime contexts. It derives from the French phrase "venez m'aider," meaning "come help me.

The Wright brothers' first powered flight on December 17, 1903, lasted only 12 seconds and covered a distance of 120 feet. Their longest flight that day lasted 59 seconds, covering 852 feet.

The term "black box" refers to an aircraft's flight data recorder and cockpit voice recorder. Despite the name, these devices are typically bright orange to make them more visible and easier to locate after an accident.

The Airbus A380 is currently the world's largest passenger airliner, capable of carrying up to 853 passengers in an all-economy class configuration. It has a full-length double-deck design and entered service in 2007.

While many modern airliners are equipped with advanced autopilot systems, including autoland capabilities, not all aircraft have this feature. Autoland systems require specific equipment and are typically used in low-visibility conditions. However, pilot oversight remains essential during landing, and not all aircraft are equipped for fully automated landings.

Jet engines operate on Newton's Third Law of Motion: for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. By expelling air and exhaust gases backward at high speed, the engine generates forward thrust, propelling the aircraft.

The Concorde, developed jointly by the United Kingdom and France, was the first supersonic passenger airliner to enter commercial service in 1976. It operated flights primarily for British Airways and Air France. The Soviet-built Tupolev Tu-144 was the first to fly and briefly entered passenger service in 1977, but its operational history was limited.

Winglets are vertical or angled extensions at the tips of an aircraft's wings. They reduce aerodynamic drag by mitigating wingtip vortices, which in turn improves fuel efficiency and increases range.

Commercial aircraft use different types of fuel depending on their engine design. Most jet-powered airliners use Jet-A or Jet-A1, which are kerosene-based fuels. In contrast, smaller piston-engine aircraft typically use aviation gasoline (avgas).